Mosquito: Diseases and Control

Mosquito: Diseases and Control Mosquitoes: The Diseases They Carry and Methods of Controlling the Populationsâ Individuals who live in Alaska are unquestionably mindful of the little creepy crawly known as the Mosquito. The vast majority don't understand the lethal infections that they may convey and the potential impacts that regularly utilized repellants may have. There are three principle infections conveyed and transmitted by mosquitoes, they are: West Nile, Malaria, and Dengue. In spite of the fact that these ailments are progressively common in tropical zones, there is as yet a high hazard for the residents of Alaska of contracting one of these destructive ailments. Numerous individuals soak themselves in repellants, many containing N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), however are there options? There are upwards of 230 items containing the synthetic DEET known to the EPA, however there are numerous options in contrast to utilizing DEET, for example, citronella and basic oils (Hayhurst). DEET has been affirmed by the EPA for a considerable length of time to help hinder mosquitoes from gnawing. One of the most broadly utilized manners by which present day society attempted to control mosquitoes was by splashing dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) over the Island of Sardinia, and island off the bank of Italy. Intestinal sickness had been available, however not pervasive until World War II jungle fever seethed to the status of an all out pestilence. The Italian government and a private establishment enrolled the assistance of 25,000 individuals working in the field, 5 air create, two helicopters, endless autos, and many field workplaces. The mosquito that was the subject of the annihilation was the Anopheles labranchiae, the known transporter of intestinal sickness on the island. This types of mosquito has a delicate body, temple shading, and four dim blemishes on each wing. Not exclusively did the laborers assault the rearing areas of the mosquitoes, yet they likewise showered homes, waterways, lakes, and fields with the DDT. In the killing exertion the laborers utilized a round 256 tons, 260,000 kilograms, of DDT. The exertion was just mostly effective. The quantity of detailed jungle fever cases dropped to only 4 announced cases four years after the tidying, yet when scouts went out to look for the Anopheles labrachiae they found that the two grown-ups and the hatchlings in the saline streams and bogs. In the brains of the Italian government this was a disappointment (Andrew Spielman Sc.D 148-49). In spite of the fact that the mosquito killing was viewed as a disappointment, the underlying accord in Greece, where 16% of kids tried positive for intestinal sickness parasites, was that the utilization of DDT was a triumph. There were not very many inadvertent passings of different creepy crawlies. Around 1942 more than 50 percent of the number of inhabitants in Greece had been tainted with jungle fever. In 1947 the administration set out to destroy the nearby bearer of jungle fever, Anopheles sacharovi. The residents of Greece invited the laborers who cleaned the nation as a freeing armed force (Andrew Spielman Sc.D 149) There were additionally beneficial outcomes on crops. Olive ranchers were lucky to get their olive trees tidied, which executed off the caterpillars that in earlier years had wrecked the yields. They had the option to have an a lot bigger collect. Numerous towns encountered a decrease in all nuisances, including cockroaches, lice, and bugs, alongside the mosquitoes. Not long after the cleaning started intestinal sickness was gone from the islands. The residents couldnt be more joyful, until something unforeseen occurred (Andrew Spielman Sc.D 149). The researchers were eating out in the nation, and started to see the flies returning. They were not excessively worried until they saw the feared Anopheles sacharovi flying around them. They researchers couldn't see how the mosquitoes were getting by in a spot that had been cleaned with DDT. It was before long understood that the destructive jungle fever conveying Anopheles sacharovi had adjusted and become DDT safe. After this disclosure researchers found how to utilize the pesticide to agitate the pattern of jungle fever contaminations (Andrew Spielman Sc.D 149-50). In spite of the fact that DDT was generally utilized all over the world, an effective mosquito destruction crusade was begun in 1900 in New Jersey. Before the beginning of this thorough battle certain low lying zones of enormous metropolitan territories were dreadful in light of the high populaces of mosquitoes. A researcher by the name of John B. Smith started the battle and just had simple information on the mosquito practices and species in the state. The main state was to distinguish the predominant species transmitting the jungle fever. He at that point recognized the most well-known reproducing zones of the mosquitoes of the territory, the Ochlerotatus sollicitans and the Anopheles quardrimaculatus. This sort of mosquito especially preferred to raise in salty water and marshes. Smith named this exertion mosquito control rather than annihilation. From the outset this thought was totally dismissed until the consequences of this progressive thought began to show up. Smith sent his groups everywhere throughout the state to burrow seepage discard that would draw in the mosquitoes for rearing. After the mosquitoes had laid their eggs in the trench, the laborers returned and filled them with oil. This caused the number of inhabitants in intestinal sickness conveying mosquitoes to drop significantly in the regions where this method was used. This had a positive optional impact on the economy of the bigger urban communities, for example, Newark and Elizabeth. There was a lodging blast in the once unacceptable zones and a populace development. Notwithstanding these impacts, the instances of jungle fever were reduced to just a couple. These unique trench are still being used today over the conditions of New Jersey and New York (Andrew Spielman Sc.D). Jungle fever is one of the most across the board sicknesses transmitted by mosquitoes conveying the parasite. There are upwards of 50 kinds of jungle fever hefting Anopheles mosquitoes around the globe (Major mosquito-borne maladies). The Anopheles mosquito will in general nibble around evening time, why each individual needs to rest under a mosquito net in regions assaulted with jungle fever (Brody). The parasite that causes intestinal sickness is the Plasmodium. There are four sorts of Plasmodium that influence people. They are: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale. The most well-known are Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. One of these happens to be the most risky, Plasmodium falciparum (WHO). Despite the fact that intestinal sickness is a parasitic infection, it is 100 percent preventable and furthermore can be relieved with the best possible prescription. The main side effects of jungle fever will in general start around ten to fifteen days. After the ten to fifteen days the primary side effects will in general be a fever, migraine, chills, and spewing (WHO). Voyagers who don't have insusceptibility and pregnant ladies, even the individuals who have fractional invulnerability, are at the most noteworthy hazard for contracting jungle fever from a tainted mosquito (WHO). The most broadly utilized medicine to fix jungle fever is artemisinin-based mix treatments (ACTs). The most obvious opportunity for relieving a patient is early analysis and treatment with these meds. Not exclusively is restoring the effectively contaminated significant, yet illness anticipation, particularly in low pay nations, is critical. In the creating countries of jungle fever, the infection largy affects the economy and however a weight on the nation all in all. The one drawback to these generally utilized medications is that the Plasmodium parasites are rapidly building up a protection from them. To keep away from the obstruction individuals are currently utilizing ACTs just as artemisinin monotherapy (WHO). As indicated by Jane Brody, as of late there has been an enormous increment in the quantity of instances of dengue fever. This mosquito-borne illness isn't legitimately transmitted from human to human, yet is transmitted through mosquitoes. In the event that a mosquito chomps a contaminated human, and afterward nibble a non-tainted human, the sickness will be spread. The fundamental mosquito that transmits the dengue fever is the Aedes aegypti, which likes to nibble during the day particularly in the first part of the day and late evening (Brody). There are four sorts of the infection that cause dengue fever. They are a flavivirus and all shift somewhat, yet the four sorts are DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. When a person is contaminated with one of the four sorts of dengue fever, they make some life memories of resistance to that specific kind, however are as yet helpless to an optional disease from any of the other 3 sorts. Research shows that it is no doubt the subsequent disease, rather than the third or fourth, that can prompt dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is substantially more savage. At the point when this happens a people vessels start to release liquid. The individual doesn't pass on from dengue hemorrhagic fever, yet rather dengue stun condition because of outrageous blood misfortune (Brody). As indicated by the writer of an article in Natural History Magazine, dengue fever might be dangerous; the death rates are not high. The infection can just live for a brief timeframe in a human host and just has a brooding time of somewhere in the range of four and seven days. The sorts of mosquitoes that are transporters of the infection are Aedes aegypti, Aedes polynesiensis, and Aedes albopictus. As the Aedes albopictus spreads into the western half of the globe, there is a more serious hazard for individuals in the United States of getting this infection. After an individual has been tainted with a type of dengue they have some insusceptibility against yellow fever and the other way around (Major mosquito-borne sicknesses). The West Nile infection was first found in Uganda around the West Nile area, consequently the name, in the mid 1900s. In spite of the fact that this infection has been perceived for more than 70 years, the primary cases showed up in the United States in 1999. When the infection hit America, the infection spread at a disturbing rate the nation over and is presently announced in pretty much every state. Despite the fact that the infection is wide spread, it is uncommon to get this sickness. On the off chance that it is gotten, the side effects are generally not extreme and will in general show like a gentle instance of this season's flu virus. The infection become destructive when an individual is old or has an undermined resistant framework. On the off chance that an individual with such a condition gets tainted with the infection West Nile becomes d

Comparing Innocence in Grendel, Neil Young and Portrait of a Lady Essay

Tumble from Innocence in Grendel, Neil Young and Portrait of a Lady   â â â According to the Bible, God made man unadulterated and honest, careless in regards to great and fiendishness. The snake of shrewdness tricked them to the tree of information, be that as it may, and its organic product demonstrated an over the top enticement. With a chomp, their eyes... were opened, and the course of their lives, and the lives of humanity, were changed (Gen. 6-7, 22). Regardless of whether one acknowledges the Christian idea of creation, endless centerpieces are designed on this record of the tumble from guiltlessness. The epic Grendel by John Gardner shows us a side of the monster the epic Beowulf never considered - the kid like honesty before the fierceness. The melody Nation Girl by Neil Young is an unpretentious analysis on the impact the sexual upset had upon one lady. Likewise, The Portrait of a Lady, a film by Jane Campion, an adjustment of Henry James' epic, shows the descending winding of a tenacious American young lady in the late 1800's. These three unmistakable pieces carve an area through the workmanship world, speaking to a built up creator, a cutting edge artist, and a women's activist producer, yet vital to their significance is one topic: the tumble from guiltlessness.  Honesty? In Grendel? Grendel is a beast, isn't that so? Wrong, according to John Gardner. Playing the job of the Shaper, Gardner makes us see Grendel as an alienated individual, one so desolate he savors the idea of acknowledgment, despite the fact that the incompetence of their general public rebuffs him on occasion (Milosh 221). He is only a naã ¯ve adolescent, scanning for his job throughout everyday life.  In The Portrait of a Lady (POAL), Isabel is looking too, voyaging where her whim drives her. You're floating off to some extraordinary misstep, her companion Henriett... ...  Gardner, John. Grendel. Vintage Books, 1989.  Kneubuhl, James P. Composed meeting. 12 April 1998.  Milosh, Joseph. John Gardner's 'Grendel': Sources and Analogs. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Vol. 10. Detroit: Gale Research, 1979. 221-222.  Representation of a Lady, The. Dir. Jane Campion. Gramercy, 1996.  The representation of a woman creation notes. [Online] Available http://www.hollywood.com/motion pictures/representation/content/1.html, April 13, 1998.  Strehle, Susan. John Gardner's Novels: Affirmation and the Alien. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Vol. 10. Detroit: Gale Research, 1979. 218 - 219.  Travirca, Chet. Composed meeting. 12 April 1998.  Youthful, Neil. Nation Girl. Perf. Youthful, David Crosby, Stephen Stills, and Graham Nash. Dã ©jã vu. Atlantic, 1970. Looking at Innocence in Grendel, Neil Young and Portrait of a Lady Essay Tumble from Innocence in Grendel, Neil Young and Portrait of a Lady   â â â According to the Bible, God made man unadulterated and guiltless, absent to great and abhorrence. The snake of insidiousness baited them to the tree of information, notwithstanding, and its organic product demonstrated an over the top enticement. With a chomp, their eyes... were opened, and the course of their lives, and the lives of humankind, were changed (Gen. 6-7, 22). Regardless of whether one acknowledges the Christian idea of creation, endless gems are designed on this record of the tumble from honesty. The tale Grendel by John Gardner shows us a side of the mammoth the epic Beowulf never considered - the kid like guiltlessness before the ruthlessness. The tune Nation Girl by Neil Young is an unobtrusive editorial on the impact the sexual transformation had upon one lady. Moreover, The Portrait of a Lady, a film by Jane Campion, an adjustment of Henry James' epic, shows the descending winding of an unshakable American young lady in the late 1800's. These three unm istakable pieces carve an area through the workmanship world, speaking to a built up creator, an advanced performer, and a women's activist producer, yet vital to their importance is one subject: the tumble from blamelessness.  Blamelessness? In Grendel? Grendel is a beast, isn't that so? Wrong, according to John Gardner. Playing the job of the Shaper, Gardner makes us see Grendel as a segregated individual, one so forlorn he savors the idea of acknowledgment, despite the fact that the foolishness of their general public rebuffs him now and again (Milosh 221). He is only a naã ¯ve youngster, scanning for his job throughout everyday life.  In The Portrait of a Lady (POAL), Isabel is looking also, voyaging where her eccentricity drives her. You're floating off to some incredible slip-up, her companion Henriett... ...  Gardner, John. Grendel. Vintage Books, 1989.  Kneubuhl, James P. Composed meeting. 12 April 1998.  Milosh, Joseph. John Gardner's 'Grendel': Sources and Analogs. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Vol. 10. Detroit: Gale Research, 1979. 221-222.  Picture of a Lady, The. Dir. Jane Campion. Gramercy, 1996.  The picture of a woman creation notes. [Online] Available http://www.hollywood.com/films/representation/content/1.html, April 13, 1998.  Strehle, Susan. John Gardner's Novels: Affirmation and the Alien. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Vol. 10. Detroit: Gale Research, 1979. 218 - 219.  Travirca, Chet. Composed meeting. 12 April 1998.  Youthful, Neil. Nation Girl. Perf. Youthful, David Crosby, Stephen Stills, and Graham Nash. Dã ©jã vu. Atlantic, 1970.

The Lasting Effects Of The Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki - Free Essay Example

In August 1945, at the end of World War II, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan. On August 9, President Truman made a radio address from the White House announcing that an atomic bomb had been dropped onto a military base in Hiroshima. He did not mention in his address that a second bomb had already been dropped on Nagasaki. The United States had many reasons for when they released these bombs, why they dropped them, and the significance of the drop locations. I do not believe that this action was necessary, and I think the after effects of the bombs were too severe to even begin to justify. In July 1945, Secretary of War Henry Stinson warned Truman that there might not be a location in Japan where the atomic bomb could show its strength to its full extent. Many cities in Japan had already been firebombed and essentially cleared out by American air power. These cities did not make suitable targets, since the damage had already been done. From Stinsons diary account, Truman laughed and said he understood. For the most part, Americans did not care whether bombs were dropped on civilian cites or military bases. Much of the American wartime coverage and propaganda was inherently racist yellow Japanese citizens were portrayed not just as inhuman, but as subhuman (Appy). They were referred to as insects, vermin, monkeys. From this point of view, both military and civilian casualties were the same; necessary losses of life. When the bombings are looked at from this point of view, it is difficult to see them as anything but negative, horrific choices that were not worth the consequences. Racism in any form is inexcusable. News coverage should have instead chosen to focus on Japans wartime crimes, their treatment of American prisoners of war, and other war-specific issues. Because the media did not take an unbiased point of view, their coverage and depictions were tainted and became propaganda. This propaganda aided in Trumans goal of making the bombs seem absolutely necessary to ending the war. Truman believed that an invasion of Japan would have led to a higher loss of life for American soldiers, and many had already been lost throughout the course of war. Japanese lives were inconsequential to him, and the bombs were the strongest message that he could possibly send end the war, sign the documents, or else the consequences would continue to be severe. The war had gone on for far too long, and he felt as if he had no other choice. If he did not drop the bombs, Japan may never surrender. Even as the war was ending, Japan continued to fight on Iwo Jima. Truman was not wrong in his view that dropping the bombs would end the war. The surrender of Japan was announced on August 15, just six days after the bomb had entirely obliterated cities. Trumans point was proven in less than a week. His point was proven at a severe, life-altering cost. The after effects were gruesome and continued for years to come. Thousands of Japanese citizens died during the explosions, while others took longer to succumb to radiation-induced cancer. Pregnant women who were in Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the time of the bombings delivered babies with birth defects, and some lost their pregnancies due to injuries and other causes directly related to the bombings. Innocent people, who had not personally contributed to war crimes against America and American soldiers, were the ones who took the brunt of the USs military strength. Trumans executive decision, while supported by the general United States public and the media, was not a universally praised one. Many of the top war commanders did not believe they were necessary and opposed the droppings. Six of the seven five-star generals of that era did not believe that there was any reason to use the atomic weapons, and also believed that the Japanese had already been defeated and would have surrendered before any major American action was taken. Admiral William Leahy personally considered dropping an atomic bomb to be barbaric, and a violation of all of the known laws of war. (Appy) Men who specialized in war did not believe in the action, and yet the bombings still occurred. Were the bombings worth it? No. Did the bombings prevent further loss of American lives? They more than likely did, as on-land attacks would have occurred had Truman not dropped the bombs. However, through my research and reading, I believe that the loss of Japanese lives was greater than it needed to be, and too many of those lives were innocent bystanders who did not commit crimes of war. There are many facets to this issue that I have yet to explore, and I do not know what America could have done to end the war while preventing a greater loss of life. It is very easy to make blanket statements such as these when I was not personally affected by the bombs, or the war in general. Though I did not feel the effects of the war first hand, I think it is important for Americans to continue to reflect on the past, in order to prevent the future from repeating itself.

Social Security Number Allocations by Location

The first three digits of a persons Social Security number numbers can often help you to determine where your ancestor may have possibly been living when his/her SSN was issued (see exceptions below). These numbers can also be helpful in determining which listings in the SSDI may belong to your ancestor. The first three digits of a persons Social Security number were, prior to 1973, determined by the state where the person applied fo their social security card. Since that time, the first three digits have been assigned based on the ZIP Code of the mailing address on the Social Security number application. The chart below shows the first 3 digits of the social security numbers assigned throughout the United States and its possessions. SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER STATE CODES * The same number, when shown with more than one area, means that certain numbers have been transferred from one State to another, or that an area has been divided for use among certain geographic locations. Learn more about the other numbers in the Social Security Numbering Scheme.

The Effects Of Television On Children s Brain - 1039 Words

The Effects of Television on Children Television sets can be found in almost every American’s home. They’re used for news report, daily weather forecast and for pleasure. However, time spent in front of the tube is linked to having adverse affects in the development of children’s brains. Excess screen time can be linked to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, aggressive behavior, poor mental development, and physical health issues later in life. In one study a young six year old boy was observed after being referred for aggression disorders in school. The observation found that he was watching three to four hours of television programming a day. When his mother would try to cut down on this time he would lash out and become very†¦show more content†¦Plus, when watching TV you’re not interacting with others. This lack of interaction leaves little opportunity to develop imaginative ideas. Without this kind of creative thought the child cannot b egin to strengthen their mental problem solving skills. A child’s ability to focus their attention on any given subject also seems to be under television attack. â€Å"The rapidly changing images and scenery of many television shows may over stimulate very young children and adversely affect the development of brain synapses,† (Lehman 14). As previously stated, television programs can cause over stimulation of the brain. This is not a good thing. Being flooded with stimuli inhibits the brain’s ability to focus on any one idea. This affects the child’s ability to contemplate deep thoughts, comprehend lessons, and participate in independent problem solving (Healy 917-918). Another troubling area concerning television at a young age is something referred to as ‘background television’. This is television that a child may be too young to comprehend and plays in the background during play, family time, chores, etc. The American Academy of Pediatric s, Committee on Public Education (1999) recommends no screen media exposure for children aged 2 years and younger. Nevertheless, nearly 75% of parents of very young children say that television is on ‘‘about half of the time’’ or more, even if no one is watching (Rideout

Business - Government Regulations and Society

Question: Discuss about the Business, Government Regulations and Society. Answer: Introduction: Large corporations and business industries influence economic, environmental, cultural and political forces, which are the key components to shape our world (Roach, 2000). In the past, the size of these industries was not too big and they were controlled by the actions of the society. With the globalization, the industries have moved towards becoming more powerful. Though, there is not any widely accepted metric to measure the power of corporations to shape our world, the fact that they affect the world in an imperceptible and complex manner cannot be avoided (Korten, 2015). The actions of these corporations shape our consumption patterns, working schedule, income distribution, communication, culture, transportation and even the political situation largely (Serafeim, 2014). Facebook, one of the biggest corporations, has almost swallower the public sphere of journalism industry. It has become more powerful in controlling the publication matters and grabbing the attention. Social media companies like Google, Apple, Amazon, twitter have changed the thinking pattern of the entire world largely (Korten, 2015). These corporations affect the society as completely, even those who are not directly associated with them. The industries generate pollutions, which affects all the nearby residents. These corporations are responsible for many other externalities (Roach, 2000). However, the corporations and industries sometimes use their power to avoid their responsibility of compensating for the significant external costs. They also use their power to shift these externalize cost to the public sector. Through the power, they are successful in reducing the applicable tax rate and receiving substantial subsidies (Serafeim, 2014). The corporations and industries possess huge wealth and political power. They exert this power in influencing international trade agreements. The laws governing the business world are also relaxed for industries and corporations. These corporations enjoy greater freedom and rights than that of the individual (Korten, 2015). For example, the metastasized growth of Wal-Mart has become so influential that it has knocked out many local businesses and transformed the logistic industry dramatically. In a way, they set their own rules. Although the influence of corporations on world is not new, but the rising size, wealth and thus the power is a matter of concern. These may result in corporate libertarianism along with libertarian economics and market capitalism (Serafeim, 2014). However, the corporations also use their power to address the social and environmental causes. They spend their resources on many issues that are immaterial for them. These corporations have recognized a shifting role in the society. They even frame various social and environmental policies to integrate in their business operations. Corporations use their power to develop a relationship between business and society and satisfy the needs of all its stakeholders. Various internal and external forces need to be anticipated and recognized for the growth and prosperity of the businesses (Harrison John, 2013).. These forces have changed the management task, altered the business operations and modified the stakeholder expectations. The main task of the management is planning, organizing, controlling and leading. The internal and external factors and the business environment affect all these functions. The managers must try to identify these forces to take best advantages of these forces (Isaac, n.d.). The impact of these forces on the management task is discussed below: Human resources require managers to be alert while recruitment and selection. Organizational culture requires managers to develop and maintain positive attitude of staff members. Organization structure affects the division of labor to accomplish a task. Financial strength affects the implementation of strategy by the management. Sociological and demographic factors influence the management task of planning and designing the products for specific groups. Prevailing economic and political forces affects the spending patterns of consumers. The managerial decision should be effective to succeed in the dynamic market environment. Technological forces now require managers to be flexible to adapt the changes. Market forces require managers to make strategies to deal with the constantly changing environment and the competitors. The legal forces like taxation and other industrial and workplace legislations require prompt management actions (Harrison John, 2013). These forces also affect the business operations. The internal forces are within the control of the company to an extent but the external forces cannot be controlled (Li Liu, 2014). The influence of the forces on business operations are: The strength of the employees affects the performance level of the organization. Strategic risk affects organizational ability to achieve their business objectives. Companys location affects the ease of procurement and distribution. Access to natural resources reduces cost of operation. The economic condition affects the demand for the products and thus the sale of the products. Technological changes determine the production and distribution manner. Environmental fluctuations influence the availability of the resources. Socio- cultural forces influence the buying pattern and expectations of consumers (Li Liu, 2014). Stakeholders have the greatest interest in the business operations (Rothaermel, 2015). The change in the internal and external forces of the business environment has also modified the expectation of the stakeholders. The working condition influences the performance and behavior of internal employees. Technological changes have raised training and development expectations of employees in order to stay updated. The rising competition has raised customer expectations of quality products at reasonable cost. The legal forces have raised the demand for healthy environment, good corporate governance practices and concern for corporate social responsibility (Richards, 2016). It can be concluded that various internal and external forces have a direct impact on the task of the management, business operations and expectation of the shareholders. Law and government regulations supervise the business behavior towards beneficial direction throughout the world. Government implements and enforces laws and regulations, in the absence of which, the businesses might engage in unfair and unethical practices and produce outcomes that are unacceptable (Breslin, 2016). Government regulations protect the interest of stakeholders by reducing objectionable business activities. The legal regulations establish an expected performance standard and failure to comply with the standard brings consequences in terms of fine and several other penalties. It promotes the compliance of corporate governance, both through encouragement and coercion, which in turn reduces the incidence of illegal behavior (Breslin, 2016). Government establishes explicit legislations to restrict illegal activities and fair compliance of the ethical obligations. The government regulations also monitor anti competitive practices and supervise the position of dominance. Government regulations also monitor business behavior towards the environment (ernstein, 2015). It rewards the companies with green awareness and environment friendly practices and imposes tax for wasting energy. Government regulations ensure that the new firms can enter the market without any restriction unless otherwise the law itself imposes a restriction. It allows firms to exit from the market freely in case it chooses to do so (Breslin, 2016). The government regulations control the price level ensuring that the organizations charge a fair price. They also monitor the prevailing wage rate and fix minimum wage level. The government regulates the standard and quality of certain products and services. These regulations enforce the complex business contract as to the mergers and acquisitions. It also protects the consumers by ensuring that the vendors meet their obligations. Legal regulations protect the employees of the company by administrating the health and safety measures of the company (ernstein, 2015). Government regulation ensures non-discrimination and fair recruitment and hiring process. It also provides for privacy of the sensitive information of the employees and customers (Holt, n.d.). Thus, it can be said that the law and government regulations have a significant role in monitoring and supervising the business behavior to generate the desired results for the betterment of the society (Breslin, 2016). References: Breslin, C. (2016). Role of Government in Business Ethics. Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 30 December 2016, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/role-government-business-ethics-65128.html ernstein, M. H. (2015).Regulating business by independent commission. Princeton University Press. Harrison, J. S., John, C. H. S. (2013).Foundations in strategic management. Cengage Learning. Holt, M. Five Areas of Government Regulation of Business. Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 30 December 2016, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-areas-government-regulation-business-701.html Isaac, L. Strategic Planning: Environmental factors in strategic planning. Leoisaac.com. Retrieved 30 December 2016, from https://www.leoisaac.com/planning/strat016.htm Korten, D. C. (2015).When corporations rule the world. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Li, D. Y., Liu, J. (2014). Dynamic capabilities, environmental dynamism, and competitive advantage: Evidence from China.Journal of Business Research,67(1), 2793-2799 Richards, L. (2016). Internal External Forces That Influence Employee Behavior. Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 30 December 2016, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/internal-external-forces-influence-employee-behavior-2806.html Roach, B. (2000). Corporate Power in a Global Economy (1st ed.). Medford. Retrieved from https://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/education_materials/modules/Corporate_Power_in_a_Global_Economy.pdf Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Serafeim, G. (2014). The Role of the Corporation in Society: An Alternative View and Opportunities for Future Research (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/14-110_e7a7f1b3-be0d-4992-93cc-7a4834daebf1.pdf

Where I lived what I lived forThoreau Essay Example For Students

Where I lived what I lived forThoreau Essay In Where I Lived What I Lived For, Thoreaus response towards nature is of admiration and value. His respect for nature is almost religious. This is depicted in the way he describes his love and adoration for nature. Thoreau is surrounded by nature and feels relaxed and relieved when he comes across it. He seems to encounter a very peaceful and quiet world in Nature. becomes a lower heaven itself so much the more important(Thoreau 63). He expresses nature in a heaven-like way, which shows his love and respect for it. He situates his house in the forest so he could be the one caged and have birds around him, instead of having a bird caged in his house. This makes him feel closer to nature, which he enjoys because he feels more relaxed when he encounters it. Thoreau depicts his thoughts on Nature in a religious sense. His values and respect for nature is portrayed in an unusual way that reflects his personality. An adobe without birds is like a meal without seasoning(63). He portrays Nature as a seasoning, because he feels that nature makes life more exciting and without it, life would be boring, just like an unseasoned meal is boring. The reason he values Nature and the experience he has in the wo ods is because he feels more in control and happier when he is there. He feels that Nature is wonderful and that without it life would not be worth living. .near green hills..and higher ones in the horizon(64-5). Thoreau emphasizes the idea of the continuing mountains that go back until he is unable to see anymore. Damodara describes it as a vast horizon that is very enjoyable. Thoreau uses his imagination to see the rest of the wide mountain ranges that he is unable to see. There was pasture enough for my imagination(64-5). He is not only referring to his imagination, but how he can wander off in his own field of nature. He enjoys and values that. We will write a custom essay on Where I lived what I lived forThoreau specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Thoreau demonstrates his respect for nature throughout these passages. By referring to lakes, mountains, birds, and the forest, he shows his desire for being in a world of Nature. Religiously, he compares Nature to heaven, which shows how much he respects it. Bibliography:

Was the Operation CHROMITE concept sound manoeuverist logic essays

Was the Operation CHROMITE concept sound manoeuverist logic essays Was the Operation CHROMITE concept sound manoeuverist logic justifying General MacArthur's resolute determination and acceptance of the inherent risks, or was success attributable more to his intuition and good luck? General Douglas MacArthur was the architect of the victory at Inchon, he was a 70 year old veteran of both world wars and was at the time Commander in Chief, Far East (CINCFE) Theatre. He was responsible for formulating a response to the North Korean invasion which had begun on 25 Jun 1950, as you have already heard his response was Operation CHROMITE. In the next 15 minutes I will attempt to focus on MacArthurs role and vision and answer the question as to whether it was his determination and acceptance of risk that led to the victory or more simply his intuition and good luck. I will look at the background, the plan, briefly look at the operation itself and then draw conclusions. Throughout I hope to link back to the five key areas of this question: manoeuverist logic; determination; risks; intuition and good luck. In Jul MacArthur had large numbers of troops commited to holding back the N Koreans however he had realised that a decisive solution to the conflict was needed. Having seen the South Koreans retreating he stated he would rely upon strategic manoeuver to overcome the great odds against me. It would be desperate, but it was my only chance. With the war a little over a week old he had instructed his COS, General Edward Almond, to consider plans for an amphibious operation to strike the enemy centre of communications at Seoul, an indirect appraoch designed to shatter enemy cohesion. Mac Arthur never wavered from his commitment to Inchon despite a number of postponements. The North Korean Army had forced the combined Republic of Korea and US forces to positions on the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula, a distance of some 150 miles. To stop this MacArthur had had to use every ava...

The List of All U.S. Colleges With a Modern Languages Major

If you are interested in learning another language and increasing your understanding of a foreign culture, a modern language major could be the track to a fulfilling college experience and an array of interesting career paths. Keep reading to learn the reasons for studying modern languages, gain insight on what it takes to get into a top program, and see a comprehensive list of all the U.S. colleges with a modern languages major. The simplest reason for studying modern languages in college is that you’re interested in learning more about the world in which you inhabit. Languages considered for a degree in modern language are French, Spanish, German, English, Russian, Chinese, Arabic, and Japanese. More than learning how to speak and write a language, modern language majors gain an understanding of language as a system and its function within a social context while also learning about the culture, media, and politics of the regions that speak it. Â   The ability to effectively communicate with people with a different language and cultural context is becoming an increasingly valuable skill in a more globalized world. Graduates with a degree in modern languages are natural fits for positions as interpreters and translators, consultants and relations specialists for international businesses and tech developers, and in education. The median annual income for interpreters and translators in 2018 was $49,930 according to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS), which is slightly higher than the average national salary. The BLS also projects an abundance of opportunities in the future for interpreters, as they anticipate 18% growth in the field—more than twice as fast as the national average. Another good reason to study a foreign language? A Wharton and LECG Europe study found that studying a second language is correlated with about 2% more in annual income. In addition to being equipped for a language-related job, students studying modern languages also graduate with a host of skills that easily transfer across industries. Modern language majors are adept at communicating, adaptable to different situations and people, and multi-taskers. Learning a new language also makes students more aware of the use of their native language—making them better writers, speakers, and conversationalists. The ability to speak a second language makes a student more employable by helping them stand out from a field of applicants—this is especially true in globalized industries. Only about 10% of the U.S. population is multilingual—for comparison, in Europe, 52.7% of the population is multilingual—meaning when applying for a job there is a strong chance you’ll be the only multilingual candidate. In fact, a study by The New American Economy shows that between 2010 and 2015, the demand for bilingual workers more than doubled—going from 240,000 jobs to 630,000. No different than students hoping to study engineering, chemistry, or history, students seeking admission into top schools to pursue modern languages will need a robust college profile. One of the best ways to attract the attention of admissions officers is to maintain a strong GPA, high class rank, and show a willingness to challenge yourself academically by taking advanced courses, particularly in language and the humanities. Another fantastic way to stand out amongst a crowded field of applicants is through your extracurricular activities. Participation in your high school’s foreign language club, volunteering in a community where English is a second language, and tutoring are all tremendous ways to demonstrate an interest in a foreign language outside of the classroom. But don’t forget to highlight any interests outside of language as well! Sports, music, art, and volunteering are just a few of the activities that help admissions officials get a more comprehensive understanding of a student apart from their GPA and standardized test scores. Our Early Advising Program is a great way for 9th and 10th graders to get a head start on the college applications process. Paired with successful students at top-30 schools, high schoolers are advised on everything from choosing classes to what extracurricular activities to participate in—learning from students who just successfully navigated the application process and were admitted to a top school. Our College Strategy Program is designed for students further along in the college application process, helping high school juniors create college lists, solidify their college profile, and maximize this critical time in the admissions process. Most importantly, this program assists students in gaining admission into their first-choice schools—73% of participants enrolled in our College Strategy Program are accepted to top-20 schools. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. If you’re preparing to build your college list and are thinking about pursuing a modern language major, you’re in luck—we’ve taken the first step for you. Below is a list of all the colleges and universities in the U.S. that offer a modern language major. Anderson University (South Carolina) Arkansas State University | A–State Auburn University at Montgomery | AUM Austin Peay State University | APSU Bowling Green State University | BGSU California Baptist University | CBU California Lutheran University | CLU California Polytechnic State University | Cal Poly California State Polytechnic University, Pomona | Cal Poly Pomona California State University, Bakersfield | CSU Bakersfield California State University, Chico | CSU Chico California State University, Dominguez Hills | CSUDH California State University, East Bay | CSU East Bay California State University, Fresno | CSU Fresno California State University, Fullerton | CSU Fullerton California State University, Long Beach | Long Beach State California State University, Los Angeles | Cal State LA California State University, Monterey Bay | CSUMB California State University, Northridge | CSUN California State University, Sacramento | Sacramento State California State University, Stanislaus | Stanislaus State California State University Channel Islands | CSU Channel Islands California State University San Marcos | CSUSM Catholic University of America | CUA Central Washington University | CWU Charleston Southern University | CSU Christopher Newport University | CNU Coastal Carolina University | Coastal College of Mount Saint Vincent | CMSV College of Staten Island | CUNY CSI College of the Holy Cross | Holy Cross College of William & Mary | William & Mary Colorado State University–Pueblo | CSU Pueblo Concordia University Wisconsin | CUW Eastern New Mexico University | ENMU Eastern Washington University | EWU East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania | ESU East Tennessee State University | ETSU Fayetteville State University | FSU Florida International University | FIU Florida State College at Jacksonville | FSCJ Franciscan University of Steubenville Georgia Institute of Technology | Georgia Tech Grand Valley State University | GVSU Hobart and William Smith Colleges | HWS Indiana University Bloomington | Indiana Indiana University Northwest | IU Northwest Indiana University of Pennsylvania | IUP Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis | IUPUI Indiana University South Bend | IU South Bend Indiana University Southeast | IU Southeast Jacksonville State University | JSU Kutztown University of Pennsylvania | KU Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania | LHU Mansfield University of Pennsylvania Massachusetts Institute of Technology | MIT Metropolitan State University of Denver | MSU Denver Middle Tennessee State University | MTSU Millersville University of Pennsylvania | MU Minnesota State University Moorhead | MSUM New Jersey Institute of Technology | NJIT North Carolina A&T State University | N.C. A&T North Carolina Central University | NCCU North Carolina State University | NC State North Dakota State University | NDSU Northeastern Illinois University | NEIU Northeastern State University | NSU Northwest Missouri State University Notre Dame of Maryland University | NDMU Oklahoma State University–Oklahoma City | OSU–OKC Our Lady of the Lake University | OLLU Pennsylvania State University | PSU Point Loma Nazarene University | PLNU Queens College, City University of New York | CUNY QC Rochester Institute of Technology | RIT Rutgers University–New Brunswick | Rutgers Saginaw Valley State University | SVSU Saint Mary’s College of California | St. Mary’s Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota | SMU Sam Houston State University | SHSU Sewanee: The University of the South | Sewanee Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania | SRU South Carolina State University | SCSU Southeastern Oklahoma State University | SOSU Southeast Missouri State University | SEMO Southern Connecticut State University | SCSU Southern Illinois University Carbondale | SIU Southern Methodist University | SMU Southwestern Christian College | SwCC Southwestern Oklahoma State University | SWOSU St. John’s College | SJC (New Mexico) St. Joseph’s College (New York) | SJC State University of New York at Cortland | SUNY Cortland State University of New York at Fredonia | SUNY Fredonia State University of New York at New Paltz | SUNY New Paltz State University of New York at Old Westbury | SUNY Old Westbury State University of New York at Oneonta | SUNY Oneonta State University of New York at Oswego | SUNY Oswego State University of New York at Plattsburgh | SUNY Plattsburgh State University of New York at Potsdam | SUNY Potsdam Stephen F. Austin State University | SFA Tennessee Technological University | Tennessee Tech Texas A&M International University | TAMIU Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina | The Citadel The College at Brockport, State University of New York | SUNY Brockport The State University of New York at Albany | SUNY Albany The State University of New York at Binghamton | SUNY Binghamton The State University of New York at Buffalo | SUNY Buffalo The State University of New York at Geneseo | SUNY Geneseo The State University of New York at Stony Brook | SUNY Stony Brook United States Military Academy | Army University of Alaska Anchorage | UAA University of Alaska Fairbanks | UAF University of Arkansas at Monticello | UAM University of Arkansas–Fort Smith | UAFS University of California, Berkeley | UC Berkeley University of California, Davis | UC Davis University of California, Irvine | UC Irvine University of California, Los Angeles | UCLA University of California, Merced | UC Merced University of California, Riverside | UC Riverside University of California, San Diego | UCSD University of California, Santa Barbara | UCSB University of California, Santa Cruz | UCSC University of Central Arkansas | UCA University of Central Florida | UCF University of Central Missouri | UCM University of Colorado Boulder | CU Boulder University of Colorado Denver | CU Denver University of Hawaii at Hilo | UH Hilo University of Hawaii at Manoa | UH Manoa University of Houston–Downtown | UHD University of Houston–Victoria | UHV University of Illinois at Chicago | UIC University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign | UIUC University of Louisiana at Lafayette | UL Lafayette University of Louisiana at Monroe | ULM University of Maine at Farmington | UMF University of Mary Hardin–Baylor | UMHB University of Maryland, Baltimore County | UMBC University of Maryland, College Park | Maryland University of Mary Washington | UMW University of Massachusetts Amherst | UMass Amherst University of Massachusetts Boston | UMass Boston University of Massachusetts Dartmouth | UMass Dartmouth University of Michigan–Dearborn | UM-D University of Michigan–Flint | UofM-Flint University of Minnesota, Twin Cities | Minnesota University of Mississippi | Ole Miss University of Missouri–St. Louis | UMSL University of Nebraska at Kearney | UNK University of Nebraska–Lincoln | UNL University of Nevada, Las Vegas | UNLV University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | UNC University of North Carolina at Charlotte | UNC Charlotte University of North Carolina at Greensboro | UNC Greensboro University of North Carolina at Pembroke | UNC Pembroke University of North Carolina at Wilmington | UNC Wilmington University of Northwestern – St. Paul University of South Alabama | South University of South Carolina Upstate | USC Upstate University of Southern California | USC University of Southern Indiana | USI University of Southern Mississippi | Southern Miss University of South Florida St. Petersburg | USFSP University of St. Thomas (Minnesota) University of Texas at Arlington | UT Arlington University of Texas at Austin | UT Austin University of Texas at El Paso | UTEP University of Texas at San Antonio | UTSA University of Texas at Tyler | UT Tyler University of Texas of the Permian Basin | UT Permian Basin University of Wisconsin–La Crosse | UW–La Crosse University of Wisconsin-Madison | Wisconsin University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee | UWM University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh | UW Oshkosh University of Wisconsin–Platteville | UW–Platteville University of Wisconsin–River Falls | UW–River Falls University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point | UW–Stevens Point University of Wisconsin–Whitewater | UW–Whitewater Virginia Commonwealth University | VCU Washington and Jefferson College | W&J Washington University in St. Louis | WashU Western Connecticut State University | WCSU Western Washington University | WWU William Paterson University | WPUNJ Winston-Salem State University | WSSU York College, City University of New York | CUNY York Our College Applications Program is designed to support students through every step of the applications process, from building a college list to figuring out the financing and everything in between. Over the years, we’ve helped thousands of students attend their dream school, and we can do the same for you. Contact our team today!

Environmental Science Lab IP 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Science Lab IP 5 - Essay Example This is deposited at the bottom of the lake bed and then undergoes decomposition, yielding nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen that then accelerate the growth of algae species (Vanderploeg, et al., 2001). Using MUSE, the numbers of phytoplankton, zooplankton, Cladophara, Foraging fish and Lake Trout were recorded at intervals of 0, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 20 years after the introduction of the Zebra and Quagga mussels to the ecosystem. The recorded results showed that the population of the Zebra and Quagga mussels, as well as the Cladophora biomass increased rapidly from 0-13 years. It then decreased in the subsequent years (16-20). Conversely, the populations of phytoplankton, zooplankton, Foraging fish and the Lake Trout decreased from 0-13 years, and then increased afterwards. The results showed that between 0-13 years of introduction, the population of the Zebra and Quagga mussels increased and that of the phytoplankton reduced since the mussels feed on the phytoplankton. The reduction of the phytoplankton population led to a reduction in the populations of the species that come next on the food chain (zooplankton, Foraging fish and Lake Trout). The biomass of Cladophora algae rose like that of the mussels rose because of the increase in nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus due to decomposition of pseudofecal matter. The population of the mussels rose up to the point where the available phytoplankton could not sustain their survival, resulting in a large number dying off. This led to a subsequent drop in the biomass of Cladophora algae because of the reduction in the amount of nutrients available. As the population of the mussels dropped, there was a slight increase in the population of the phytoplankton. This lead to a subsequent rise in the population of the species dependent on it both directly and indirectly. Benson, A. J., Raikow, D., Larson, J., & Fusaro, A. (2012, 06 06). Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771).

Martin Luther King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Martin Luther King - Essay Example The fundamental thing Luther addressed in his Theses was the sale of indulgences, something that posed a significant amount of theological problems. Indulgences were essentially a fundraising tool used by the Church in times of financial need, forgiving people for past (or in some cases future) minor sins in return for their coin. Religious leaders made it very clear that these only affected minor sins, and thus would shorten someone’s time in purgatory (a very painful realm between heaven and hell that people entered to purge them of their sins, according to Catholic thinking of the time) but not save them from serious sins that would put them in hell. Many people had a problem with the sale of indulgences, and they were widely unpopular in parts of Northern Europe among the laity. As Luther points out in his Theses, there are a wide array of theological problems with the sale of indulgences. One of the biggest problems that Luther had with indulgences is that they pervert th e worshiper’s relationship with god and with the church. ... use of money than giving money to the already overly rich Church, and that indulgences inhibited people from giving to those in need, which they saw as only possibly granting salvation, as opposed to giving money to the Church to buy indulgences, which would definitely grant them a reprieve from a particular sin. Essentially, Luther wants to address a wide array of problems caused by the sale of indulgences. The first thing he makes sure is that people know that they need to support those around them before spending money on indulgences, and that mercy towards those around them is more holy than helping the Church build a new basilica. This solves the problem of people neglecting charity in order to support the opulent church. Furthermore, Luther insists that people must financially care for themselves and their family before even thinking of buying indulgences. The fact that he includes this provision in his Theses seems to indicate that some people were neglecting their family and their wellbeing, possibly putting indulgences before essentials like food and housing in order to supposedly ensure a shorter time in purgatory. These two provisions are meant to address real-world, practical problems with the sale of indulgences that Luther seems to be facing on a day to day basis in his church. In addition to tackling these practical real world problems, Luther makes some significant challenges to classical Churchly authority in the field of theology. Probably his most inflammatory statement is that people are their own priests. In saying this, Luther, a priest himself, does not mean to underestimate the amazing benefit having a priest, with their specialized knowledge and training (and ability to perform sacraments), but rather to emphasize the personal relationship with

Can Writing Be Fun? Essay -- essays research papers

Writing and school work, to be honest, have always been at the bottom of my list for things that I enjoy doing. I can remember from as early as grade 1 having great difficulty in most areas of school work. I have always had a great anxiety about completing assignments or having to read the required books, I went through all of high school having never read a complete book. It’s not that I think I am stupid but just not interested in these types of activities. I find it hard to keep my attention focused on reading when there are so many great things, or maybe not so great things, out in the world to think about. Now don’t get me wrong, I could read all day long about how to make my car faster or my dirt bike jump higher but writing something uninteresting to me makes it hard to be creative...

Management and Leadership Models Essay

As Regional Director for Happy Face Frozen Foods (HFFF), I hold a great responsibility to meet sales projection levels at each of my sales districts. Hitting goal is not just a numbers game- it’s a task of managing people within the culture of the organization. My ultimate goal for District IV and district manager Tony’s performance deficiency is to diagnosis issues and problem areas. Multiple management/leadership models and concepts are needed in order to shift this district to become profitable and successful. PERFORMANCE MODEL Skills, Abilities, Traits Tony appears to have a lack of effort, despite being young, aggressive, talkative, appears to be intelligent, and was a top sales representative. I questioned his work ethic capabilities, but the Myer Briggs Type Indicator says we are polar personality opposites as he is an ISTJ and I am an ENFP. In general, his type explains why his apparent lack of effort is actually  his â€Å"introverted† and â€Å"sensing† personality; Tony self-reflects, works alone, thinks before acting, keeps energy inside, is hard to read, and verbalizes well though out ideas, concern for present and practical matters, likes things to be precise and clear, and wants step-by-step approaches. I had promoted him despite of his tendencies towards coercion and party reputation, which seemed to be a lack of cooperation skills and professionalism. Again, his type explains these traits of Tony’s â€Å"thinking† and â€Å"judging† personality; he finds it easy to be firm-minded and give criticism, brief, concise and impersonal, uses pros and cons lists, doesn’t like surprises, resist or does not notice change, and wants advanced warning. As a top manager his thinking process is great for following rules and procedures, but as a leader of his district he needs to improve all traits involving interaction with people. In order to compliment Tony’s personality traits with my own, I must reduce perceptual errors with a self-understanding of how our opposing traits interact. Tony’s sensing type needs intuitive types at work to see possibilities, deal with complex issues, explain other intuitives, and spark innovation. His thinking type needs intuitive types at work to persuade, smooth feathers, teach and coach, and anticipate reactions. Tony has several of the Kirkpatrick and Locke Leadership Traits to facilitate success, which include drive, self-confidence, cognitive ability, and knowledge of the business, but Tony’s sales team is hesitant to discuss his performance as a manager. A person does not become a leader by virtue of the possession of some combination of traits; therefore, with proper action Tony can transform those traits toward becoming a successful leader. Tony has three factor categories of leadership to accomplish, which include managing skills, vision, and implementation. I can provide Tony with specific guidelines for goals, objectives, and situations so he will have the managing skills for decision-making and problem solving. To improve his vision of the company, I can train him in the importance of the Big Five personality traits to become extraverted, conscientious, open, less neurotic, and agreeable. I can teach Tony how to apply the MBTI types among  his subordinates and myself, so he can properly implement his vision to the team through team building, motivation, and training. His efforts will increase their trust in his abilities and be more likely to give proper feedback in the future. Role Perceptions Inappropriate behavior concerns in Tony’s district arise from sexual harassment complaints, unwanted nicknames, mixture of work and personal relationships, and name calling shows that action for ethical conduct is lacking. Because Tony is involved in some of the unethical action, a quick response is needed at the management and subordinate level. Nielson’s guidelines for changing unethical organizational behaviors are not easy, but start with an intervention strategy implemented by corporate guidelines and myself. Caution should be used as I could be misled on details, and do not want to damage relationships and hurt the organization unnecessarily. The advantage of leading an ethical change increases incremental performance, but must include Tony in the process of establishing ethical rules and procedures in order to implement long-term. Rallying others to agree for the good of the organization takes consensus building through patience and relationship building, and can happen with ability and courage. Tony perceives his abilities for his own â€Å"book of business† as a successful sales person to be a major part of his job requirement. As a superior, my perception of his skills and traits lack the ability to manage his people, and his personal success makes me doubt his capabilities even more as he ignores his job requirements to train and coach his sales team, especially the two brand new employees. Tony needs to understand the importance of socialization practices, and appreciate the problem of transitioning a new employee. To prepare Tony in the training of his team, helpful mechanisms to utilize change are found in the elements of Schein’s organization socialization, which include basic goals, preferred means the goals are to be attained, basic responsibilities of the members, behavior patterns required for effective performance, and a set of rules to maintaining identity and integrity. New entrant should have multiple sources, whether official literature,  examples set by Tony and other employees, direct instruction, rewards and punishment system, and experimenting with new values and behavior. Success of socializing techniques depends on the initial entry of the organization and what Tony does to keep them. He must build commitment and loyalty early in the socialization process by investing time and effort into the new members, and since the two new hires have already been introduced to a laissez-faire style of management, Tony’s efforts need to be well prepared. Establishing socialization is included through training opportunities to Tony to train his sales team, giving Tony a formal role definition and the guidelines to defining his subordinates roles (which he will appreciate as an ISTJ), giving Tony a performance appraisal and future personal goals to improve, and to coach Tony the norms of a successful manager. The Determinant of Person Perception describes Tony’s situation as an ineffective leader based on the perception of his subordinates, which is influenced from the mixture of Tony’s and the subordinate’s characteristics. His ineffective leadership mixed with the subordinates lack of direction has created an Organizational Citizenship Behavior that allows discretionary behaviors based on personal choice within the workforce; several of the current norms that are being utilized and promoted under Tony’s supervision include tardiness, teasing, competitiveness, ignorance of complaints and concerns, inclusion of personal life and work, and individuality. These structureless norms and values are dangerous to the well being of Tony’s district as he does not understand his role as a leader to structure right and wrong norms, pivotal norms and values should be made clear in order to survive. The norms and values that should be implemented include trust, honesty, integrity, empathy, respect, teamwork, separation of life from professional work, and the total changes should keep 60-70% of operations stable in order to keep the organization running smoothly. The Simple Change Process has three phases to implement desired norms and values; the Unfreezing Phase includes immediate action between myself and Tony to establish how he wants the team to operate, create rules and procedures to follow, and to reprimand actions that are breaking current rules. The Moving Phase includes actions  for Tony to model new norms, train and educate the rest of the team, and provide incentives for following the new behaviors. The final process in the Refreezing Phase involves more rewards systems, standardization, and implementation of the new structures. Even if the perception of Tony’s lack of effort is a symptom of his set characteristic traits, I also need to understand as his supervisor the Self-Concept Theory of Motivation. The idea that humans are self-expressive, motivated to maintain and enhance self-esteem and self-worth, self-concepts are composed in part of identities, and this behavior isn’t always related to clear expectations or to immediate or specific goals. Tony is no different and also holds inner motivations that are not easily seen, I need to get to know him better before the districts sales meeting next month to understand his motives and actions. His current performance has demonstrated low results for the higher expectations I demand; if Tony does not have some expectation to work for, meeting my expectations is difficult and is a lose-lose situation. To give Tony direction, we can practice the Goal Theory to link Tony to specific and challenging goals with appropriate feedback for Tony to know ho w much effort to contribute in order to achieve increased task performance, and to understand what expectations to meet. Any theory or concept Tony learns can be applied to relationships with his subordinates, but will be difficult to implement with the current presence of Learned Helplessness. Tony has set such high expectations for performance and punished employees both by disregarding and berating employees publicly; his employees have become passive from repeat failures and will most likely remain passive even after changes are made. Organizationally Induced Helplessness is evident as the attribution to failure leads to behavioral influences, and Tony’s subordinate, Britni, is clearly suffering from substance abuse and practices it in the workplace openly. Because the negative environment has forced employees to shut down mentally, the operation of Self-Fulfilling Prophecy is not in effect here as Tony places high expectations, and they are not performing better because of these expectations. The factor missing in order to for the prophecy to work in Tony’s environment is more input from Tony to teach his subordinates to  reach the expectations he sets. To stop influencing negative behavior and start influencing positive attributions, organizational goals need to be easier to obtain and set clearly by Tony, because subordinates who stopped trying have already decided goals are impossible to reach such as the case with Melanie who was forced to structure her sales route by herself. Minimizing OIH can be done through multiple strategies: immunization that sets specific levels of success can begin with the new norms and values that will be set through the Simple Change Process, rewarding those who follow quickly. Attribution Training will direct failure away from internal fault and toward external conditions, and Ego Defense will develop attributes so if Tony continues to berate his employees, they will learn to not let it threaten their self-esteem. Performance Goals Tony punishes Big Ron’s performance for not getting the product out ahead of schedule is an example of Tony’s need for the Goal-Setting Concept, which assigns employees a specific task, quota, performance standard, or deadline. The use of punishment to affect behavior has negative consequences of modifying an employees behavior, such as a short-term effect, resentment of the punisher, negative aftereffects, doesn’t reinforce desired heavier, and creates an atmosphere of fear. Tony may punish too soon because of lack of training on my part, not aware of alternatives, looking for quick solutions, personal gratification, out of frustration, or believe it is the best way to change behavior. The misunderstanding of the product schedule time between Big Ron and Tony is directly attributed to miscommunication and a lack of goals. Big Ron perceives his goals to be only within the processing plant, Tony communicates his goals to be overseeing Big Ron’s operations and delivering the product. A helpful mechanism would for both to work together as a team and manage by objectives from each side. Tony and Big Ron need to use Participative Goal Setting and set specific and difficult goals together to lead to higher performance and relationship building. Merely telling Big Ron to â€Å"do his best† and to be supportive would be sufficient, but the best gain  comes from a set standard. They can also hold Management By Objectives â€Å"assignment† sessions to discuss what each side’s efforts will include. If Big Ron knows why Tony wants the products early, he can then communicate that status knowing Tony really needs that information. If Tony knows why Big Ron can’t get the products out sooner, he can then exert efforts to help Big Ron. When the task is done, a final performance appraisal feedback session will give each side a chance to voice actions that worked, need changing for future projects, and to give constructive feedback for the other person. This will build a climate of trust, and shows an acceptance of goal failure. Based on head quality control engineer Daniella’s visit with the sales force informal leader Bill Gates, is uninvolved with his job at HFFF with multiple side interests. Bill needs to get involved, and since he is in a leadership position can be given roles to support the sales force and himself by taking their performance under his accountability. If workers have a chance to participate in setting goals, they will be more committed to attaining those goals. If larger goals are broken down into short-term goals, workers will receive more frequent feedback about goal accomplishment and, thus, strive harder to meet those goals. A list of good goals similar to what Bill can make could include setting specific short and long term sales goal quotas, to create friendly competitions within the sales team, for individuals to talk to a certain number of clients or make a certain number of presentations, to meet with each sales rep individually to hear progress reports, and many more. The SMARTFIC model is a good checklist to prepare Bill to present Tony a plan of action within the sales force team. To start, Bill rates himself on scale of 1-5 on each goal setting area: specific, measurable, attainable, realistic/rewarded, timely, feedback, integrated/intermediate, and challenging/clear. He can keep or change the specificity or attainability of each goal based on the scale results, and once the goals are presented and approved by Tony, Bill can implement among the team. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards Along with Bill’s goal setting for the sales team, rewarding Bill and team members based on bonuses and commission compensation will motivate the implementation to be successful. Tony could also be motivated to perform better if he was given a bonus for getting positive evaluations, as a demonstrator at a recent training program recently evaluated him negatively. To pinpoint the best reward system for Tony, I can use the Modifying On-The-Job Behavior concept to first identify target behavior, such as his need for procedure. The second step is to perform an Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence (ABC) functional analysis to identify Tony’s trigger for needing procedure and when he uses this behavior. The third step arranges antecedents by removing obstacles, providing opportunities, appropriately scheduled consequences, such as unexpected events that cannot be controlled or sporadic behavior from others. The fourth and final step evaluates the results to find how to imple ment more procedure-based structure within Tony’s environment and utilize his best behaviors. This analysis also needs to be implemented by Tony onto his employees so they see that he appreciates their well being and can develop trust with him on other issues. Hertzberg’s Motivation Theory says if there is job dissatisfaction, the hygiene factors must be addressed before motivating employees. Tony’s team holds many hygiene factors in their workforce situation, including inappropriate subordinate work and personal relationships initiated by Tony, personal life issues addressed at work with Britni and Bill, poor supervisor relations among everyone, laissez-faire work conditions, and a lack of organization policy. Once they work through the hygiene factors, Tony can then motivate his team by setting goals for achievement, recognizing their achievements and efforts, giving them responsibilities, and chances for growth to contribute to their job satisfaction. The better the team is satisfied, the better job they can all provide. Tony created tension in his district when he hired his college buddies based on their personal relationship, and will have to overcome judgment and the tension by making his sale rep friends work hard to e arn their keep. In order to do so, Tony needs a standardized set of job dimensions and outcomes to give them, as outlined in the Job Characteristics Model. This concept gives core job  dimensions that can include skill variety, task identity, and significance to specify the sales reps various duties ranked by importance, levels of autonomy to make informed and unforced decisions on their own, and proper feedback in the form of evaluations from other subordinates or myself, instead of Tony because of their personal relationship. These dimensions lead to critical psychological states that provide experienced meaningfulness of the sales reps work, responsibility for their own works outcomes, and knowledge of their actual results. The process finally leads to personal and work outcomes that result in high internal work motivation that produces quality work performance and satisfaction, and proves their worth of working with the other subordinates while holding respect for Tony despite his initial favo ritism. Melanie complains that nobody, especially Tony, listens to her concerns, and is frustrated with the competitive and inefficient environment. While she may just be a complainer, Tony can quickly implement One Minute Praising to praise Melanie immediately when she should be appreciated, be specific about her finding an inefficiency in the training programs, share feelings of how her ideas could impact the team, and encourage her to find ways to make training programs more productive. This could help Melanie to not feel so ignored, especially if she is praised for something that is obviously a concern for her. When she begins to be more positive, her negativity will change in front of other employees and they wont ignore her as much. Tony can easily use this on all employees and voice his support for positivity to encourage the concepts use amongst the subordinates. If Melanie continues her complaining and negativity, Tony can use the One Minute Reprimanding to reprimand the complaining immediately, be specific about what she has said, share feelings of how the complaining affects the team, and remind her how good of a person she still is. The concept assists Melanie to realize how her complaining affects her coworkers, and will end the behavior. Tony needs to fix his working relationship with Big Ron quickly in order to address the possible ecoli breakout issue that Big Ron had on the health inspector visit. Not only is the health risk an ethical issue concerning consumers, Big Ron’s action plan to blackmail the inspector is an alarming  example of a lack of internal procedures. To address both of these issues and to prepare for future situations, Tony needs a Contingency Plan to manage risk that could have catastrophic consequences. Contingency Strategies are a result of the contingency plan and are devised for a specific situation where things could go wrong, although they cannot predict future outcomes. Tony’s strategies need to include procedures for situations that can happen within the management office, at the warehouses, and other facilities and need to include the managers at each location for input of specific internal details. These strategies prepare the organization or the person for anything that could happen in future and are back up plans that support the organization when the actual plan fails. For positive reinforcement for the behavior to increase, Tony must apply the strategy AND reward for something desirable or pleasant. The reward need to be individual-based in order to encourage employees to act ethically and receive personal recognition for their actions. Tony’s intricate involvement in Britni’s personal dating life and his friends looking for a good time is an example of negative reinforcement within the workplace. This involvement and his personal relationship with human resource manager, Margaret, are behaviors that need to be eliminated. I need to use the Coaching and Reinforcement Concept to tell Tony what to do to cease his involvement, show him how to change through role-play practice, then let him try to implement within the situations. I’ll observe his performance, and either praise his progress or redirect if it fails. A weakness in Tony’s relationship with his subordinates is a major issue in the balance of work performance. If the subordinates do not respond to Tony and he makes no initiative to manage his people, the district is at risk of failing and ruining sales figures. To create a trusting and open work environment, the PRICE System from Putting the One Minute Manager to Work says to pinpoint the performance area of interest, such as the subordinate/management relationship, then record and measure the current performance level on a graph. We must involve everyone to agree on  performance goals and strategies for coaching and evaluation, with extravert personalities on the team in charge of coaching, observing performance, and reporting to Tony to manage consequences. Tony and the team must then evaluate, track performance progress, and determine future strategies. The results of successful implementation of this system will strengthen the relationships between Tony and his subordin ates and eliminate the â€Å"fear† that is prevalent throughout the organization. Human resource specialist, Mary Ann, is enthusiastic about work-family balance and schedules of reinforcement concepts, but Daniella tuned her out during a recent visit. If employees and reporting superiors dismiss constructive ideas, the company may miss out on great progress opportunities and the employees who value change. The Reinforcement Appropriate Behaviors concept encourages hard working employees; if workers receive immediate reinforcement for their hard work, they will work harder than if their reinforcement is delayed. Frequent reinforcement of positive behavior and infrequent reinforcement of negative behavior results in higher performance. Workers will work harder if their reinforcements for work are somewhat random in either a variable interval or ratio. Mary Ann’s interest in Performance Model theories can be rewarded in the future based on this concept through praise and the responsibility to help host internal training sessions if we specifically provide her the proper way to relate them to her workforce. Her success could lead to creating reward programs and working with Tony to think of reward opportunities. Kerr’s Common Management Reward Follies says we hope for long-term growth, teamwork, challenging objectives, restructuring, and commitment to total quality, but we often reward quarterly earnings, individual effort, making the numbers, adding staff, and less than quality. Relatedly, Tony is reluctant to take charge of the sales team, but from afar demands higher levels of productivity. Tony is seeking simple quantifiable standards to measure but some aspects are highly visible and most aren’t, so a lacking view of performance factors and results doesn’t help break out of old ways of thinking. Since current rewards systems hardly exist, Tony must explore what types of behavior are currently being rewarded to positively reinforce  desired behavior. Equity Model The disturbing story of a possible kickback program involving sales manager, Jeff Daniels, and his stress related behavior is symptoms of the Equity Theory and Justice: The Concept of Fairness says Jeff must believe his is being treated fairly or his motivation will wane. Employees must evaluate their inputs in relation to their outcomes as compared to the inputs and outcomes of others to determine fairness, and inputs of employees on the job include enthusiasm, knowledge, innovation, and skills, while outputs include salary, satisfaction, recognition, and training opportunities. If the outputs of Jeff’s efforts are not equal to his inputs, he will find a way to make that mental equation balanced. If balancing to him means receiving under-the-table funds and lashing out on others as a consequence of a work-stress overload, then his promotion to International Protocol Specialist will only reward his unethical behavior and actions. Although the action of Mary Ann and Nelson arriving late to meeting with Danielle seems minor, this action sends the message that other business etiquettes are not important and will not represent the company at its best. The Reinforcement and Rewards concept says part of Tony’s job is to direct the behaviors of employees by providing appropriate rewards to reinforce the desired behaviors that lead to organizational effectiveness and success. Reinforcement stimuli Tony could incorporate for not only tardiness, but other common courtesies, include attendance awards and office-wide recognition, employee of the month awards with reasons attached to the award, and spontaneous cash awards for sighted acts of kindness. Effort-Reward Probability Although the ultimate Performance goals are nowhere near to be reached, there are good opportunities to reward good effort. The Effort-Reward Probability concept produces effort and follows Vroom in that abilities and traits can also multiply to determine performance. Examples have been provided with other models, but Steve Stricker aka â€Å"Mr. Insensitivity† deserves credit for his enthusiasm and attempt to correct a bad situation in the most efficient way possible. While his handling of the situation was not  the most desired, he still holds my respect enough to want him to supervise Tony’s district. The more good efforts we can multiply with good rewards, the better the performance the organization will gain. Satisfaction and V = Valence The majority of Tony’s workforce chooses to remain silent about most incidents that happen at work because the consequences of speaking up are higher. The Valence outcome of the Expectancy Theory model needs to be changed the most for this team as their value of rewards based on their needs and goals are low. The current valence level that I provide Tony, and Tony provides his subordinates can be rated a â€Å"0† as indifferent to the outcome of rewards, which is very much my fault for not encouraging a reward system to my own subordinate and setting the right example. I can start from my own practices to implement a rewards system specifically for Tony, and various programs for him to relay down to his team. COMMUNICATIONS Tony needs to improve his communication with subordinates in order to convey and receive information, gain acceptance for his ideas, maintain relationships with coworkers, establish trust, keep people involved in a project, to produce action or change. The change should include the climate of the workplace, as it is defensive, in the sense of the amount of control and superiority that is exerted from Tony’s competitive nature. In order to create a supportive climate, while allowing a friendlier competitive environment, Tony needs to encourage equality among the team and to practice empathy. He will also appear more reasonable if he learns to admit when he doesn’t know an answer, admits when he is wrong, and asks for help. When Tony ignores his employee’s requests for help and suggestions, his unrelated and tangential responses levels of listening serve as punishment to his employees for speaking. To display listening in the workplace, Tony must stop talking, show he wants to listen, empathize, go easy with arguments and criticisms, and again stop talking. He will encourage future interactions when he develops their trust. To practice the three elements of trust, Tony needs to show an inclination towards charity through  benevolence, practice integrity through a consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes. In ethics, integrity is regarded as the honesty of one’s actions and the ability to lead his team. To develop trust, he must demonstrate concern for others well-being and needs, be willing to see other peoples point of view, correspond between his words and deeds, and not be afraid to show emotion. When Tony received negative feedback from the recent training program, he most likely felt embarrassed and defensive. Tony needs effective feedback, he will not listen to the training program if we assume he should know what to do, evaluative, late, negative only, and punishing in the face of others at the program. In order for him to learn, it needs to be descriptive, specific, timely, and positive with the negative, and he needs to listen, check, clarify, and ask the feedback of others. There will be situations in the future similar to the miscommunication with Big Ron that will frustrate Tony, but he needs to make himself clear even if he is upset by managing from the HEART to convey his message to others: to be heard and understood, if disagreed with to not be made wrong, to be acknowledged for good, to look for right intentions, and to be told the truth with compassion. If he can correctly convey this message throughout a disagreement, relationships will be saved and solutions can be found. Tony should also remember to listen; two ears, one tongue, DM’s who don’t listen have less information for making sound decisions. Gibbs describes communication as a people process. The more supportive a climate is, the less defensive a person has read into distortion and can respond productively. A supportive climates in Tony’s relation with Big Ron can include descriptions of updates at the facility, problem orientation to seek mutual solutions to get products out early, with no hidden agenda from fear of reprimand, empathy for each other’s position, equality in interaction, and provisionalism of always seeking new information outside of personal knowledge. LEADERSHIP Traits Approach My perceptual distortion of Tony’s capabilities can be further discussed through Leadership Traits, which can describe Tony’s drive, personalized leadership motivation to be in charge, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, and knowledge of the business. These are great leadership traits to have, but he needs to apply them in order to be an effective manager. The fatal flaws of leaders who derail, which also apply to Tony’s traits, include insensitivity of others, aloof and arrogant, overly ambitious and managing, and inability to adapt to situations. Fortunately Tony’s fatal flaws can be improved with the Emotional Intelligence at Work concept, which highlights Tony finding self-awareness through assessing his current position, self-regulation to determine whether he seems trustworthy, holds integrity, and is openness to change). Tony does hold motivation for a strong drive to achieve, but can improve on optimism organizational commitment in management. Empathy is his biggest weakness and can improve on expertise in building and retaining talent and being sensitive to others, and his efforts to build social skills in his effectiveness in leading change, persuasiveness, and expertise in building and leading teams will ultimately change his workforce to trust his judgment and commit to the organization. Another trait-based approach for improving skills is the Three-Skill Approach, which suggests Tony’s effective administration to depend on three basic personal skills: technical knowledge about work and specialization, human ability to work with people, and conceptual ability to work with ideas and concepts. Tony’s knowledge of the company is very strong as he was a top sales rep and can work with set concepts that use step-by-step approaches. When Tony improves his ability to work with ideas and people, he will increase the effectiveness of his leadership. Power Approach Tony has an element of fear within his relationship with subordinates, and Big Ron was treated so meanly because of a miscommunication. The Power Approach explains good sources of power are legitimate and reward, but bad sources of power that Tony is guilty of include coercive and charismatic. According to Yukl and Taber, Tony identifies as an authority power and  effective leaders are expert and referent. Subordinates will comply with his orders, but do not accept his goals, although he is in position to get possible commitment, and just as easily to get possible resistance. Tony can enhance his authority power by making polite requests, not demands, requests made in clear and simple language, checking to make sure subordinate understand and giving reason for the request if necessary, and following up to verify they have complied. Overall to appear more personable and less powerful, Tony needs compassion. People don’t care how much you know until they know how much you care, top power tools that Tony’s subordinates will respond to are patience, gentleness, teachableness, acceptance, kindness, openness, consistency, and integrity, which all are in line with compassion. Situational Leadership Model Situational Leadership says it’s not so much what you are, as what you do. I find many things to change of Tony’s relations with his subordinates, when my own leading of his development is lacking, and my leadership style should combine directive and supportive behaviors. I can institute directive behavior by clearly telling Tony what, how, where, and when to do something, then closely supervising their performance. I can increase supportive behavior by engaging in two-way communication on a more frequent basis, listening to his concerns, providing support and encouragement, facilitating the interaction, and involving him strongly in decision-making. I need to give Tony more Directing as a manager and leader, even through he only needed Delegating as a salesman. Tony, in turn, needs to apply the same concept of Directing to many of his new salesman and Coaching for the rest of the employees. Understanding the effectiveness of situational leadership and communicating thi s understanding with Tony will enhance our relationships at all levels, and reduce the perception of Tony lacking training duties. Effective leaders are those who can recognize what employees need and then adapt their own style to meet those needs. Path Goal Theory Tony is lacking in leadership behaviors according to the Path Goal Theory in  helping subordinates to shape their tasks. The idea is to define goals, clarify path, remove obstacles, and provide support, and Tony is achievement oriented based on the leadership behaviors as he challenges subordinates to perform work at the highest level possible, a high standard of excellence. To help subordinates meet Tony’s standards, he needs to provide guidance of how to obtain excellence. Leaders Member Exchange Theory Tony should form an individualized working relationship with each of his subordinates, and the exchanges in content and process should be dyadic with unique characteristics. High quality leader-member exchanges produced less employee turnover, and exchanges can be in-group or out-group. Tony has created a tight in-group from hiring his college friends as salesmen, but still doesn’t hold the qualities of a true in-group that has mutual trust, respect, liking, and reciprocal influence. Out-groups are based on job a description, which is the relationship Tony holds with his team, and even I hold with him as a superior. Tony is in Phase 1 Stranger, the phase in leadership making that is directed toward self-interest rather than toward the good of the group; roles with the team are scripted, influences are one way from Tony to subordinates, exchanges are low quality, and interests are for self. Transformational Leadership and The Leadership Challenge Tony’s aggressive leadership style is unwanted by many of his subordinates, the Leadership Challenge can help him implement carry out significant changes, which include to challenge the process, inspire a shared vision and enlisting others, enable others to act to foster collaboration and strengthen others, model the way and set the example and encourage the heart by recognizing individual contribution and celebrate accomplishments. Tony is currently a Laissez-Faire Leadership style, hands-off, let-things-ride approach that gives little effort to help followers satisfy their needs. Out of the four I’s he is most lacking â€Å"individualized consideration† to provide a supportive climate, listen carefully, and act as coaches. If Tony adopts any of the transactional leadership factors to perform a better job, the Contingent Reward to obtain agreements from followers on what must be done and what the payoffs will be. Servant Leadership One of the biggest struggles Tony will have is in following Servant Leadership by putting followers first, supporting personal development, honesty, treating fairly, share power, and enabling others. The antecedent conditions are strong as the culture, leader attributes, and follower receptivity to wanting a leader. The core of the process is weakest in conceptualizing the organization, emotional healing in sensitivity to others, putting followers first, helping followers grow, behaving ethically, empowering, and creating community value. The outcomes cannot happen until the core of the process is successful, but include follower growth and performance, organizational performance, and societal impact. Tony can improve with training in empathy, compassion, and listening. Once his team sees his efforts to be a better person, they will respect his position better. CONFLICT Conflict will always be part of an organization, whether to be avoided as described by the traditional view or necessary for a group to perform effectively as described by the interactionist view. Because Tony and I will be making many changes to the organization and our personalities differ so much, we should practice integrative bargaining through goals by expanding the pie so both parties are satisfied, motivation with win-win solutions, focus by showing interest, interests being congruent, information sharing being high, and the duration of the relationship being long term. Tony has been a Shark in terms of conflict: he is forceful towards his subordinates to achieve his goals at all costs, and overpowers others to win conflicts. He needs to become more of a Fox, and be more concerned with goals and the relationship, willing to give up something for the common good, and resolve conflict by finding middle ground. To use the Problem Solving Approach to Conflict Resolution between Tony and I’s interactions, we must identify the problem, set a goal or objective, generate and evaluate solutions, and create an action plan. Because Tony most likely does not want to deal with the personal relationship issues within the organization, especially since he is directly  involved, the Hill’s Model for Team Leadership is an easy tool to aid leadership problem solving and to clarify its complex nature. My leadership decision is to take action for the task needs of the group and intervene for the internal task force. My next action will managing the conflicts of interest, external alliances of corporate human resources, and to receive the desired outcome of team satisfactory for future development. PERCEPTION In my expectations from hiring I did not take into account the function of Tony’s personality and the management environment he would work in, especially since his MBTI traits are ISTJ and I am ENFP. The Halo Effect is in full swing on my part as I held a cognitive bias in the judgment of Tony’s character, which influenced my overall impression of him. Tony’s perception is also flawed in using projection as a defensive mechanism to place his own actions on other people, such as the late shipment of product onto Big Ron, and the failing sales numbers onto his salesmen. He has used projection to improve his own self-image and have a reason for failures. When Tony teases Chris, he sends a very strong message to his subordinates, as it is in verbal form, a face-to-face channel, toward immediate subordinates, it’s a high channel richness that is allowing multiple cues from Tony’s words, and tone of voice which strengthens the message of his unintended te asing. When Melanie complains about the long training classes, she is dealing with Primacy Effects, as the listener is more likely to start off paying attention then drift off when the subject gets boring or the listener is internally processing data. Our company does not want ineffective training sessions, therefore if we want information to stand out in a person’s mind we must use it at the beginning of a conversation or a written list and not let it get lost in the middle. Repeating messages consecutively several times through messages after the training sessions will embed it in their minds. When Tony ignores Melanie’s complaints, he believes in Theory Y but leaves her be. He lacks empathy for this situation, a perceptual error that can be reduced with conscious empathizing for her feelings. When Tony is given backhanded compliments for helping Britni get dates, she has received an area of self-consciousness of her ability to date. To reduce perceptual errors in this situation, self-acceptance involves self-understanding, a realistic, albeit subjective, awareness of her strengths and weaknesses, she can then feel about herself that she is of â€Å"unique worth†. When Tony misunderstood Big Ron, he became defensive from constructive criticism, and sometimes when actions or motives for the action are questioned, it is best to just explain. Interpersonal attributions happen when the causes of the events involve two or more individuals, and it is likely that one will always want to present oneself in the most positive light in interpersonal attributions, which is what Tony did. Tony creates perceptual defense in being angry instead of remaining neutral. Tony should communicate his needs and practice better listening skills so the miscommunication doesn’t happen again. TEAM PERFORMANCE: Meeting in Orlando Before the team meeting, I want to spend quality time with Tony and let him know what my concerns are and the pros and cons to the issues. I want to hear his side and be able to work together on some misconceptions since we are in direct rank and contact with each other. I need to keep him on my team if he is going to follow any changes I want to make. At the team meeting I plan to merely observe the group in their natural state, then as I am included, congratulate the team on aspects of the meeting that went well and motivate them based on those positives. Topics of improving performance, ethics, and setting goals, and making plans for future collaboration. Nothing can be completely fixed within this one meeting, but is a start for positive change. The golf game is where I will begin to gather more details of the group’s dysfunctions and look for contradictions in what Tony and other members have relayed to me. The biggest aspect of team functioning I want to discuss with the golfing group a and improve are relational of the ethical concerns and team dynamics. Any process I decide will involve teams of people, so I will be able to rally subordinates to work with Tony and I through this  rapport-building game. Already, I see the reasons for team failures to occur from degrading employees, inequities in reward system, an aggressive leadership style, a weak team leadership, and a fear of the leader. I expect particular behaviors from the Role Nomination Form to be lacking which include task-oriented behavior like initiating activity, seeking/giving information and opinions, elaborating, testing workability, and group-oriented behavior such as encouraging, expressing group feelings, harmonizing, gate-keeping, and setting standards, and what may occur from these lacking behaviors which include anti-group behavior such as resistance, recognition seekers, dominators, and avoiders. Janis says groupthink happens when members of decision-making groups become motivated to avoid being too harsh in their judgments of the leaders or their colleagues ideas. Some Groupthink symptoms are present in this situation, including members who have doubts or differing points of view seek to avoid deviating from what appears to be group consensus by keeping silent about misgivings and even minimizing to themselves the importance of their doubts, and there’s an illusion of unanimity- if someone doesn’t speak, it’s assumed they are in full accord. Tony could be leading his subordinates in groupthink by constantly voicing his beliefs and reprimanding anyone who opposes or wants to report higher than him. Victims avoid deviating, and keep silent about their misgivings and even minimize to themselves the importance of their doubts. To fix this issue, the leader should assign he role of critical evaluator to each member to air objections and doubt, adopt impartial stances in the beginning, monitoring group size by splitting up into smaller teams, then coming back together with results, and appointing a devil’s advocate to always look at the other side of things. Effective teams have adequate resources, effective leadership, climate of trust, a performance evaluation, and reward system that reflect team contributions. The team effectiveness model for this group needs leadership structure and a climate of trust, a composition of allocating roles and finding abilities of members, and a process that has specific goals and  common purposes. Overall, every model and concept discussed for this situation has a solution that can be used to address problems when I attend the monthly directors meeting with Tony. The most important aspect of all these concepts is being able to apply them within myself in my relationship with Tony, as he is my partner to making his district profitable. Open communication, trust, and mutual problem solving with his team should help me land the international assignment and leave Tony skilled and ready to continue great performance after I am gone.